International Social Research Methods

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anthropology, area studies, business & administration, communication sciences, demography, development studies, economics, education, environmental sciences, epidemiology, gender studies, history, human geography, international relations, law and criminology, linguistics, philosophy, political economy, political science, psychology, social pedagogy, social policy, social work, sociology, sociology of religion, sports science

civic and political participation, human rights, non-governmental organisations, NGOs

arts food practices identity leisure media religion sports value and belief systems

consumption globalisation markets organisational change productivity public debt recession trade

curriculum development, evaluation , lifelong learning, management , training

climate change, sustainability, transport

electoral systems, ideology, political parties, regulation, trades unions, voting patterns, welfare regimes ,welfare states

addictionsm, alcohol use and misuse, diet and nutrition, dignified dying, disability, drug use and misuse, general practice, hospitals, palliative care, physical activity, prevention,risk and safety, substance use and misuse, treatment, well-being

communications, internet use, intersectionality, networking, relationships

benefits systems , delivery, health and social care, implementation, policy development , policy provision , poverty, professional practice, public / private sector, social exclusion/inclusion, social housing, social justice, social security, social services, welfare reform

children, childhood, consumption, demographic trends, family–employment reconciliation, family structure, fatherhood, gender relations and roles, integration, intergenerational relations and transfers, life course, life–work balance, migration, mobility, motherhood, parenting, population ageing, social deprivation, social mobility, social transitions, young people / youth

domestic / household labour, employer / employee flexibility, employment, unemployment, work organisation, working parents, working time

central / regional / local government , companies / enterprises, labour administration, non-governmental organisations, NGOs organisations

artistic, leisure and sporting activities / facilities / groups, educational institutions, citizenship / faith / religious groups, media and communication networks and products, youth cultures (gangs)

age groups, ethnic groups, families, fathers, gender, generations, households, life course, migrants, mothers, social classes, socio-economic groups

agricultural, industrial and tertiary sectors, financial institutions, labour markets, trades unions

job seekers, labour markets, occupational mobility, occupational structures, pay structures, professions, public / private sector employers, unemployment, working time regimes

courts, legal status and systems, prisons, rights

ideological groupings, interest and pressure groups, members of organisations, political parties , policy actors, policy networks

benefit categories (disabled, retired, unemployed) , practitioners, service providers (education and training, health, housing, social care),social policies, welfare professionals

cities, communities, continents , countries, ecological systems, EU member states, regions, rural areas, towns, villages

cities, communities, continents , countries, ecological systems, regions, rural areas, towns, villages

education, identity, internet use, lifelong learning, social networking, spirituality

agency, bureaucracy, civic and political participation and engagement, empowerment, leadership, legal recognition, participation, rights, transnationalism

ageing (biological / population, healthy), caring, childhood, distribution of household labour, family, fathering, fertility, gender, generation, grandparenting, household, life course, marriage, mothering, negotiation, parenting / parenthood, partnerships, step-parenting, transitions, youth

connectedness, equity, ethnicity, identity, individualisation of rights, inequality, integration, intergenerational solidarity, social exclusion, social inclusion, social status, well-being

care, poverty, religious welfare provision, social solidarity, stigma, take up, welfare dependency

domestic labour, educational attainment, flexibility, informal economy, labour market concentration and segregation, management, reconciliation of paid and unpaid work, work–life balance, workplace, time banks

European Commission: Framework Programmes, Policy Directorates-General, Eurostat

International Labour Organisation, ILO, Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, OECD, United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organisation, Unesco, World Health Organisation, WHO

critical realism, culturalism, interpretivism, particularism, phenomenology, positivism, post positivism, post structuralism, grounded theory, psycho-social theory, queer theory , social constructionism, universalism

embedded case studies, randomised experiments

content analysis, diaries, discourse analysis, literature reviews, project evaluation

biographical / biographic–interpretative methods, Computer-Assisted Personal Interviewing (CAPI), ethnographic methods, focus groups, in-depth interviews, narrative method, oral history, Paper-Assisted Personal Interviewing (PAPI), participant observation, policy analysis, secondary analysis of interview data, semi-structured interviews, vignettes, visual methods

multi-level modelling, secondary analysis, statistical analyses

cohort studies, cross-sectional surveys, longitudinal studies, panel studies, random stratified sampling

bias (cultural, interviewer) , case selection, causality, comparability, contextualisation, explanation, generalisation, inference, interpretation, measurement equivalence (conceptual, functional, meaning), missing data, recruitment and retention of respondents, reflexivity, reliability, research cultures, representativeness, response rates and attrition, rigour, sampling, statistical generalisation, translation and back translation, transparency, universality (generalisation) vs particularity, validity