ECONOMIC & SOCIAL RESEARCH COUNCIL

Benchmarking Good Practice in Qualitative Management Research

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This was a two year funded study, based in the UK, investigating the use and evaluation of qualitative research methods in management research. The project was part of a larger Research Methods Programme funded by the ESRC (Economic and Social Research Council), which focused specifically on extending and improving research methods in the research and practitioner communities.

Training workshops and the Facilitator's guide

This area of the site provides access to all the main resources, including materials from the project training workshops

Google Search

This provides a custom Google search of the material within the Benchmarking Good Practice in Qualitative Management Research site

Research Methods Programme

Links to the overall Research Methods Programme. 

Economic and Social Research Council

Links to the funding council website

Online dictionary of the social sciences

An online dictionary of social science terms

 
















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The Project

Aims, Design and Outcomes

AIMS

The overall aim of the project is to enhance good practice in the use of qualitative methods in management research. If management researchers, practitioners and policy makers are to make the most of the range of qualitative methodological approaches available they need to be aware of their existence; know their relevance to a variety of research questions and how to use them; and be able to evaluate qualitative research using appropriate criteria. The training and dissemination to be developed in this project is designed to address these issues through increasing knowledge and encouraging a critical and reflexive approach to research. In order to pursue this goal effectively, we are exploring existing perspectives on: the utility of qualitative methods; problems in their application; and appropriate assessment criteria.

The specific objectives are to:
• Conduct a systematic investigation into current perceptions of qualitative methods in management research, including perceived barriers to their use;
• Identify perceptions of good practice in conducting qualitative management research;
• Ascertain perceptions of skill deficits in this area and the factors viewed as contributing to these deficits;
• Develop materials and training workshops to encourage informed and reflexive practice in qualitative management research;
• Develop an appropriate, specific and accessible set of benchmarking criteria for assessing qualitative management research, which takes into account variations in perceptions of good practice.


RESEARCH DESIGN

Data collection
During the first year we are conducting research via a series of expert panels focussing on what people see as good practice in the use of qualitative methods; and what training needs they identify in this area. This research consists of 45 interviews conducted by the researcher and the grant holders and focuses on four expert panels.

Panel A: Academic disseminators. The panel includes international academics, journal editors; members of professional associations.
Panel B: Industrial panel. This panel includes those from both the public and private sector who conduct and use qualitative research.
Panel C: Doctoral panel. Those who currently run university PhD programmes.
Panel D: Qualitative researchers panel. This panel includes those who have published within the area of qualitative methods in management research; or who use qualitative methods regularly as part of their substantive research.

Semi-structured interviews have been conducted focusing on the following issues:

• Interviewees understanding of ‘qualitative research’
• The purpose of qualitative and quantitative research
• Defining characteristics of management research
• What constitutes ‘good’ qualitative research and how this can be judged
• The relevance and status of qualitative research within a management discipline and in practice
• What skills and knowledge people might need to carry out and evaluate qualitative management research
• How the quality and profile of qualitative management research can be improved.

Data analysis
Analysis of primary and secondary data is taking place throughout the project and will be used to inform each stage, culminating in the production of an interim report, on the use and status of qualitative methods within the management research arena. Panel members will be invited to comment and provide feedback on the draft report, before publication and circulation to all stakeholder groups and a wider audience.

OUTCOMES

During the second year of the project, emphasis will be on developing the research results from year one into practical outputs, including:

  • A series of workshops

    Three workshops will be facilitated to which representatives from each of the expert panels will be invited. These will provide an opportunity for participants and panel members to provide feed back from the research about good practice and play an active role in the development of the pilot training materials. The workshop format will be fully documented so that others can use it as a training activity therefore constituting part of the cascading process.

  • Resource pack

A resource pack will be developed to provide a set of guidelines for good practice. These will focus on issues such as making sense of the underlying epistemological and ontological approaches behind the use of various qualitative methods; criteria for evaluating the quality of qualitative research; resources for qualitative data analysis; reading lists; choosing an appropriate form of data analysis; details of software for qualitative data analysis. The aim is to provide a pack that will be useful to a wide range of stakeholder groups, including those who currently train doctoral students, researchers using qualitative methods in management research, and government social researchers. This will enable the output of the research to be delivered through existing management research training.

  • Website

The website will be developed further during the second year of the project providing a dissemination forum for much of the material generated. It is also hoped that the website will be used to provide continuous support through the establishment of a network of qualitative management researchers and discussion groups.


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About the People involved.

 

Professor Catherine Cassell is now Professor of Occupational Psychology at the Manchester Business School. At the time of this project she was Professor of Organizational Psychology at Sheffield University Management School, Sheffield, UK. Her research interests focus on organizational change and development and she has previously held research grants from ERDF, EPSRC and the EU, which have all utilized qualitative methods as part of the research process. A key theme in her research is an interest in the use of qualitative methods in management and organizational research. With Gillian Symon she has co-edited and authored three books in this area published by Sage: 'Qualitative methods in organizational research: a practical guide' (Cassell and Symon, 1994); 'Qualitative methods and analysis in organizational research' (Symon and Cassell, 1998) and 'Essential guide to qualitative methods in organizational research' (in press). They have also organized a number of symposia at both national and international conferences (e.g.: BAM 1996; 2000; BPS 1993; 1997; 2002; IAAP, 2002) where the focus has been the use of qualitative methods in work psychology and management research.

 

Professor. Phil Johnson is now Professor of International Management and Marketing and Associate Dean for Internationalisation at the University of Sheffield. At the time of this project he was a Principal Lecturer in research methodology/organizational analysis and Research Leader in the Change Management Research Centre at Sheffield Hallam University. He holds degrees in Sociology (BA- Sheffield University), Organization Development (MSc - CNAA), Research Methodology (MSc - Open University) and Management (PhD - CNAA). In recent years he has published in the fields of research methodology, business ethics, manufacturing management, managing change and management control. His contribution to research methodology includes two books published by Sage: 'Research Methods for Managers' (with J.Gill, 1991; 1997; 2002) and Understanding management research: an introduction to epistemology (with J. Duberley, 2001); three chapters in edited books; and 5 refereed journal articles. An ongoing theme in this published material has been the epistemological and ontological dimensions of methodology and their impact upon management research practice. Other recent work has included qualitative research regarding: performance evaluation and control systems in manufacturing sponsored by EPSRC (GR/L03569); and contractor supplier relationships in local authorities sponsored by ESRC (R0002364498).

Dr. Gillian Symon is now a Reader in Organizational Psychology at Birkbeck College, University of London. At the time of this project she was a senior lecturer in the same department. She holds a MA in psychology (University of Edinburgh), MSc in occupational psychology (University of Sheffield) and PhD in organizational psychology. Her research interests lie in the areas of technological change at work and qualitative methods in organizational research. In the first case, recent work has focused on resistance to technological change and user participation. In the second case, in addition to the work on the ESRC project, she has edited or authored (with Catherine Cassell and others) three practical textbooks, a special issue of the European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology and several papers on the theme of qualitative approaches. Current specific interests are in the role of reflexivity in the research process and the rhetorical analysis of texts. She lectures on qualitative approaches to organizational research to postgraduate students and has supervised qualitative PhD and Masters theses. She has experience in providing distance learning courses through computer conferencing, including designing (self-)study materials.

Vicky Bishop is a lecturer in HRM at the Manchester Business School. She was the full time Research Associate employed on the ESRC 'Benchmarking good practice in management research' project. Vicky completed a PhD in International Business Studies from the University of Loughborough in Leicestershire. She has research interests in the areas of qualitative research methods and is particularly interested in the collection of organisational stories as a research method. Her research interests also extend to the culture of the customer specifically focusing on customer violence in the service industry.


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Contact for enquiries

Dr Victoria Bishop
Post-doctoral Research Fellow
People, Management and Organizations Division
Manchester Business School
Manchester University
Booth Street West
Manchester
victoria.bishop@manchester.ac.uk

Prof. Catherine Cassell
Professor of Occupational Psychology
People, Management and Organizations Division
Manchester Business School
Booth Street West
Manchester M15 6PB
catherine.cassell@mbs.ac.uk

Prof.Phil Johnson
Head of the HRM/OB Division
The Management School,
The University of Sheffield.
9 Mappin St,
Sheffield
S1 4DT
phil.johnson@sheffield.ac.uk

Dr Gillian Symon
Lecturer in Organizational Psychology
Department of Organizational psychology
Birkbeck College
University of London
Malet Street
Bloomsbury
London
WC1E 7HX
g.symon@bbk.ac.uk

 


 

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Project Output: Papers, Reports, Conferences and Related Publications.

Working Papers

Buehring, A., Symon, G., Cassell, C. and Johnson, P. How do we judge qualitative management research? Exploring quality criteria-in-use.

Cassell, C., Bishop, V., Symon, G., Johnson, P. and Buehring, A. Enhancing the quality of management research through training: The case of qualitative research.

Cassell, C., Symon, G., Johnson, P. and Buehring, A. Defining and benchmarking quality in qualitative management research.

Johnson, P., Buehring, A., Cassell, C. and Symon, G. Evaluating qualitative management research: Towards a contingent criteriology.

Symon, G., Buehring, A., Johnson, P. and Cassell, C. Positioning qualitative research as resistance in the contemporary academic labour process.


Reports

Cassell, C., Buehring, A., Symon, G., Johnson, P. and Bishop, V. Qualitative Management Research: A Thematic Analysis of Interviews with Stakeholders in the Field. (In preparation) [more...] [Download PDF 380KB]

Conferences

Cassell, C., Bishop, V., Symon, G., Johnson, P. and Buehring, A. Enhancing the quality of management research through training: The case of qualitative research. British Academy of Management Annual Conference, Oxford, UK, September 2005.

Symon, G., Buehring, A., Johnson, P. and Cassell, C. The contemporary academic labour process, the institutionalisation of research practices and qualitative research. Critical Management Studies Conference, Cambridge, UK, July, 2005.

Cassell, C., Symon, G., Buehring, A. and Johnson, P. Can we ever benchmark quality?
Criteria used to evaluate the quality of qualitative research within the business and management field. First International Congress of Qualitative Inquiry, Illinois and Urbana-Champaign, USA, May, 2005.

Symon, G., Cassell, C., Buehring, A. and Johnson, P. Assessing quality in qualitative management research, The State of the Art of Qualitative Social Research in Europe, Berlin, September, 2004.

Cassell, C., Buehring, A., Symon, G. and Johnson, P. Defining quality in qualitative management research: the editor’s view, British Academy of Management, St Andrews, September, 2004.

Buehring, A., Symon, G., Cassell, C., and Johnson, P. How do we judge qualitative management research?: Exploring quality criteria-in-use. AOM Research Methods Division, “Crossing Frontiers in Quantitative and Qualitative Research Methods”. Lyon, France, March, 2004.

Buehring, A., Cassell, C., Johnson, P., and Symon, G. Benchmarking good practice in qualitative management research. British Academy of Management Annual Conference Harrogate. Leeds, UK, September, 2003.


Related Publications

Books
Johnson, P. and Clark, M. (2005 – in press) Business and Management Research Methods, 6 Volume Sage Major Work, Sage: London.
Cassell, C. and Symon, G. (2004) (eds). Essential Guide to Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research. London: Sage Publications
Cassell, C. and Symon, G. (1994) (eds) Qualitative Methods in Organizational Research: A Practical Guide. London: Sage Publications

Gill, J., Johnson, P. (1997) Research Methods for Managers. Second Edition. London: Paul Chapman Publishing

Gill, J., Johnson, P. (1991) Research Methods for Managers. London: Paul Chapman Publishing.

Johnson, P., Duberley, J. (2000). Understanding Management Research: An Epistemological Introduction. London: Sage Publications

Symon, G. and Cassell, C. (eds) (1998). Qualitative Methods and Data Analysis in Organizational Research: A Practical Guide. London: Sage Publications.


New Journal

Qualitative Research in Organizations and Management: An International Journal. Editors: Catherine Cassell and Gillian Symon
Publishers: Emerald Publishing.
To be launched in 2006.

CALL FOR PAPERS

Journal Special Issues

Cassell, C., Buehring, A., Johnson, P. and Symon, G. (Guest Editors). Qualitative methods in management research. Special Issue of Management Decision. [Management Decision Homepage]


Cassell, C. and Symon, G. (eds.) Beyond positivism and statistics: Neglected approaches to understanding the experience of work . Special Issue of Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology. Call for Submissions [more..].


Journal Articles

Cassell, C.M. (2004) Creating the role of the interviewer, Qualitative Research. In Press.

Johnson, P.D. and Cassell, C.M. (2001) Epistemology and work psychology: New agendas. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74,125-143

Symon, G., Cassell, C.M. and Dickson, R. (2000) Expanding our research and practice through innovative research methods. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 9 (4), 1-6

Johnson, P.D. and Duberley, J. (1993) Reflexivity and Management Research, Journal of Management Studies, 40(6), 279-1303.

Book Chapters

Cassell, C.M. and Symon, G. (2004) Qualitative methods in organizational research. In C.Humphrey and B. Lee (eds). The real life guide to accounting research. Elsevier.


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Teaching and Learning Materials, Research Resources, Journals, Lists and Other Resources

Teaching and Learning Materials

Computer Assisted Qualitative Data Analysis (CAQDAS) Networking Project
http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/methods/projects/posters/caqdas.shtml

Research Methods Forum
Academy of Management, In-Depth Discussions and Helpful Tutorials
http://www.aom.pace.edu/rmd/forum.html

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Research Resources

UK Data Archive
http://www.data-archive.ac.uk/

Qualidata – Qualitative Data Service
http://www.qualidata.essex.ac.uk/

International Institute for Qualitative Methodology
http://www.ualberta.ca/~iiqm/

ESRC Research Methods programme
http://www.ccsr.ac.uk/methods/projects/

The Inter-University Faculty Consortium on Qualitative Research Methods (CQRM)
http://www.asu.edu/clas/polisci/cqrm/

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Journals

Qualitative Inquiry
http://www.sagepub.com/journalIssue.aspx?pid=54&jiid=5795

Research Methods Forum
http://www.aom.pace.edu/rmd/forum.html

International Journal of Social Research Methods
http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/tf/13645579.html

The Qualitative Report
http://www.nova.edu/ssss/QR/index.html

Electronic Journal of Business Research Methods
http://www.ejbrm.com/

Qualitative Social Research
http://qualitative-research.net/

Qualitative Research
http://www.sagepub.co.uk/journal.aspx?pid=105752

Qualitative Research Journal
http://www.latrobe.edu.au/aqr/journal/1AQR2003.pdf

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Lists and Other Resources.

Online discussion groups/email lists
QUAL-RESEARCH@JISCMAIL.AC.UK
http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/QUAL-RESEARCH.html

QUAL-SOFTWARE@JISCMAIL.AC.UK
http://www.jiscmail.ac.uk/lists/QUAL-SOFTWARE.html

Association for Qualitative Research
http://www.latrobe.edu.au/aqr/

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